http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/present-perfect-simple-2 Practice TEST-Present Perfect.

Practice Present Perfect.

PRESENT PERFECT- Practice.

pa1 present perfect.doc

LANGUAGE  ANALYSIS

Prepared by

 Mireya Domínguez Gòmez

Topic: Present Perfect

Number of trainees: -----

Aim: Raise awareness on the present perfect.

1.Contextualised examples.

The Present Perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.

Examples:

Wow! You have lost weight.

You look different. Have you changed your hair?

Have you done your homework yet?

Yes, I have already finished it.

This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

Gloria Estefan has composed songs since 1988. She has sung in English for over 20 years.

I have never been in the USA

2. Form

 The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs in the section called 'Verbs'.

Affirmative
Subject	to have	past participle
She	has	Visited
Negative
Subject	to have + not	past participle
She	hasn't	Visited
Interrogative
to have	subject	past participle
Has	she	visited..?
Interrogative negative
to have + not	subject	past participle
Hasn't	she	visited...?

Example: to walk, present perfect

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have walked	I haven't walked	Have I walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked	Have you walked?
He, she, it has walked	He, she, it hasn't walked	Has he,she,it walked
We have walked	We haven't walked	Have we walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked	Have you walked?
They have walked	They haven't walked	Have they walked?

3. Phonological Features

Pronounciation.

The past participle is formed by adding –ed to the infinitive of regular verbs.

Examples: paint-   painted - painted  or by adding –d to the infinitives which end in -e

Moved-moved

Revised- revised- revised

This –d or –ed, it is pronounced /t/ : raced /reist/         passed /pa st/

When this –d or ed is added to an infinitive with final sound consonant, it is pronounced   /d/

Bared /         /         

If the infinitive finishes in –d or –t,  it is pronounced as a new syllable, /id/

Raided / reidid/   dented / dentid/

If the verb finishes in –y /i/ and /ai/. It is changed into –ied, and it is pronounced  /id/ and /aid/ Ex:

pity- pitied- pitied  /pitid/

The irregular verbs have been grouped into “families” according to the number of changes that occur, their ending or by prononciatio:

1. Simple past and past participle the same ending in /t/ or /d/  build- built- built

2. Past tense and past participle ending in /        / NB spelling change. Bring-brought-brought.

3.-eep, -ept, -ept   : sleep- slept- slept

4. No change: cost- cost-cost-

5. No obvious “family”:  go- went- gone.

6. Past participle –own:   fly- flew- flown

7. Past participle –en: fly- flew- flown

8 .ea/         /      -ore/       /     -orn/         /: bear- bore- born

9. –i-,    -a-    -u- (vowel)+ nasal consonant: sing- sung- sunk

  Practice: Read aloud  these past participle: identify /t/  /d/  /id/  /aid/

Lernt    /     /

Taught  /     /

Wept    /     / 

Written  /     /

Worried  /      /

Seemed  /       /

Raced    /        / 

Revised  /       /

Buzzed   /       /

Tried   /       / 

Studied  /      / 

Played  /       / 

Looked  /       / 

4. Meaning/Use

The present perfect is used to describe:

1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. Example:

  I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)

2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. Example:

 She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)

3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. Example:

We have visited Portugal several times.

4. An action that was completed in the very recent past, (expressed by 'just'). Example:

I have just finished my work.

5. An action when the time is not important. Example: He has read 'War and Peace'. (the result of his reading is important)

Identify the use of the Present Perfect in these sentences:

1- She has visited them frequently.

2- We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

3- She has worked in the bank for five years.

4- They have seen that film six times.

5- It has happened several times already.

 6- We have had the same car for ten years.

 7- Have you played the piano since you were a child?

8- I have worked hard this week

9- It has rained a lot this year

10- They have seen that film six times.

11- Have you just finished work?

 12-  Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?

14- She's studied Japanese, Russian and English

PRESENT PERFECT + for, since

Using the present perfect, we can define a period of time before now by considering its duration, with for + a period of time, or by considering its starting point, with since + a point in time.

For + a period of time:

for six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours.
I have worked here for five years.

Since + a point in time:

since this morning, since last week, since yesterday,
since I was a child, since Wednesday, since 2 o'clock.
I have worked here since 1990.

Complete with For and Since

 She has lived here ____ twenty years.

. We have taught at this school ___ a long time.

She has lived here ______ 1980.
 We have taught at this school ____ 1965

 Alice has been married ____ three months.
 They have been at the hotel ____ a week.
 Alice has been married ______ March 2nd.

PRESENT PERFECT + ever, never, already, yet

The adverbs ever and never express the idea of an unidentified time before now e.g. Have you ever visited Berlin?

'Ever' is used

a. in questions. e.g.
Have you ever been to England?
Has she ever met the Prime Minister?

b. in negative questions e.g.
Haven't they ever been to Europe?
Haven't you ever eaten Chinese food?

c. and in negative statements using the pattern nothing.......ever, nobody.......ever e.g.
Nobody has ever said that to me before.
Nothing like this has ever happened to us.

d. 'Ever' is also used with 'The first time.... e.g.
It's the first time (that) I've ever eaten snails.
This is the first time I've ever been to England.

'Never' means at no time before now, and is the same as not ..... ever:
I have never visited Berlin

Already and yet:

Already refers to an action that has happened at an unspecified time before now. It suggests that there is no need for repetition, e.g.
a. I've already drunk three coffees this morning. (and you're offering me another one!)
b. Don't write to John, I've already done it.

It is also used in questions:
a. Have you already written to John?
b. Has she finished her homework already?

yet is used in negative statements and questions, to mean (not) in the period of time between before now and now, (not) up to and including the present. e.g.
a. Have you met Judy yet?
b. I haven't visited the Tate Gallery yet.
c. Has he arrived yet?
d. They haven't eaten yet.

.

5.Checking understanding.

Put the following sentences into the right order.

Example: they/ arrived/ already/ have?        

Have they already arrived?

1-  for/ not/ she/ spoken/him/to/ years/has/ten ________________________________________

2-had/house/decorated/have/just/their/they __________________________________________

3-never/meal/wonderful/a/I/before/have/such/had. _____________________________________

4-that/you/have/seen/yet/movie ____________________________________________________

5-never/she musical/been/to/a /ha __________________________________________________

6-are/they/have/waiting/left/or/they/still/already?______________________________________

7-food/this/kind/before/ever/she/eaten/of/has? ________________________________________

8-not/ever/the/he/seen/film/has?___________________________________________________

Complete using the Present Perfect Tense: FOR or SINCE

6 Anticipated learners’ problems

BE CAREFUL!
You must not use never and not together:

I haven't never been to Italy.
I have never been to Italy.

'Ever' and 'never' are always placed before the main verb (past participle).

already can be placed before the main verb (past participle) or at the end of the sentence:
a. I have already been to Tokyo.
b. I have been to Tokyo already.

Yet is usually placed at the end of the sentence.

Contraction of He’s = He has.

7.Suggested context for presenting the language.

You can present this topic using a variety of strategies. It is necessary to adecuate it to learners’ age. Some topics could be: a postcard to a friend, favorite singer, finding  someone  who has done something, a song, film.,

There is also a possibility to practice the topic through project work. Students will write a diary and talk activities they have done during a weekend, a week , etc.

FIND SOMEONE WHO:	NAME
Has been in San Felipe Castle.
Has learnt to swim.
Has listened to Juanes’ last song.
Has seen Simpsons’ movie.
Has written poems.
Has played in a football team.
Has eaten Chinese foo.
Has bought new clothes lately.

Complete with for and since

Maya has been a professional singer ________ 1989.

So far, it has rained ________ five hours.

I haven't been snowboarding ________ last winter.

Jo has been a student here ________ March.

The beaver has been an emblem of Canada ________ many years.

                                  

     Cougars have almost disappeared from the Victoria area  humans settled   here.

     Mary has kept a diary ________ she was ten years old.

                                   

                           

                           

   First Nations people in British Columbia have told stories about the eagle       hundreds of years.

The Canadian two-dollar coin (or toonie) has been in circulation ________ 1996.

They've been married ________ twenty-five years.

COMPLETE THIS POSTCARD.

HI, Wendy!

How are you? I’m in Florida. I haven’t________  (have) time to do much  but I’ve_______ (visit) some entertainment places. I’ve_______ (go) to the Sea World, and I’ve________( be) in Busch Gardens.

I’ve _______(buy) some souvenirs, including a present for you. You suggested I should go to Universal Studios, but I haven`t ______( arrive) there yet. I’ve _______(know) some really interesting people who had told me all about life in Florida an We’ve______ (go) tickets for the Wet’n’wild tomorrow morning.

What else? Oh, I’ve ________(walk) along one of the main avenues here! I was exhausted for that.

Back next week.

Best wishes. Katty

8. References:

1. Naunton, Jon.1999. Think First Certificate. Longman

2. Projet. Oxford

3.Internet:

http://web.edunet.com/english/graammar

http://www.lingolex.com/espan.htm

htt://webster.commnet.edu/HP/pages/darling/grammar.htm